Equity & Stock Basics
Equity & Stock Basics is a foundations concept in the Markets pillar.
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Explain Equity & Stock Basics as if teaching a colleague who is new to foundations. Cover: what it is, how it works, and why it matters.
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A diagram for Equity & Stock Basics should include: 1. The core components of equity basics 2. How they interact 3. Expected outcomes or outputs
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Market indices track the performance of a group of stocks and serve as benchmarks for the overall market. This module co
Fama & French (1993) - Common Risk Factors in Stock and Bond Returns
Fama and French extend the CAPM by adding size (SMB) and value (HML) factors to explain cross-sectional variation in sto
Amihud (2002) - Illiquidity and Stock Returns: Cross-Section and Time-Series Effects
Amihud develops the ILLIQ measure (absolute return / dollar volume) and shows that expected stock returns are positively
Lakonishok, Shleifer & Vishny (1994) - Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, and Risk
LSV show contrarian strategies outperform because investors extrapolate past growth too far, not because value strategie
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JPMorgan warns the S&P 500's 'earnings fuel' is running out as of July 23, 2026 — the PPI-CPI spread has peaked, ISM ord
Financial Market Correlations as a Predictor of Output Growth and Stock Returns
Understanding the linkages between real and financial markets is important for a range of economic agents, including pol
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